From fundamentals to implementation of yield stress for nautical bottom: Case study of the Port of Hamburg

The nautical bottom (i.e., the level at which contact with a ship's keel causes either damage or unacceptable effects on controllability and manoeuvrability of ship) should be associated to measurable physical characteristic. Bulk density is typically used as criterion for by many ports worldwide. However, rheological properties particularly yield stress mud are eventually more suitable parameters defining due their strong correlation flow navigability. density-yield depends significantly different such organic matter type content, clay particle size distribution salinity. Therefore, single critical value cannot chosen criterion, where above-mentioned varying from one location another in port. This justifies need study (yield stress) mud. main objective this review article provide (i) an extensive overview (particularly sources, (ii) factors affecting rheology mud, (iii) berthing areas port Hamburg using combination density.